This measurement is called “projection” and can be found in the images on our product pages at our retailer partner websites. Generally, square shaped pulls will have wider projections for larger hands or knuckles. Here's an example for the solid bar pull.
The towel bars with extendable arm add 6 inches (152 mm) to your bar. This gives you the ability to have an 18-inch towel bar (without extender arm) or a 24-inch towel bar (with extender arm). The Franklin Brass Kildaire towel bar is an example.